An electric iron is a common household appliance designed to remove wrinkles from fabric through the application of heat and pressure. Its operation centers on converting electrical energy into thermal energy, which is then transferred to the fabric through a flat, polished metal plate known as the soleplate. When the electric iron is plugged in and switched on, an internal heating element raises the temperature of the soleplate. The user then glides the heated soleplate of the electric iron over the dampened fabric, which loosens the bonds between the polymer chains in the cloth fibers, allowing them to be reshaped and smoothed.

The temperature control system is a fundamental feature of a modern electric iron. Different fabrics require different ironing temperatures to avoid damage. A thermostat inside the electric iron automatically regulates the heat, cycling the heating element on and off to maintain the user-selected temperature. The control is often a dial or a digital selector on the electric iron, marked with fabric types such as wool, cotton, or silk. This prevents a cotton setting on the electric iron from delivering heat that could scorch a delicate synthetic material.

The soleplate is a critical component of the electric iron. Its material and finish directly affect the ironing experience. Traditional soleplates were made of black chromium or aluminum, but modern electric irons often feature non-stick coatings like Teflon or ceramic-based surfaces. These advanced soleplates on an electric iron reduce friction, preventing the fabric from sticking and ensuring the electric iron glides smoothly. The design of the soleplate, including the pattern of steam vents and the shape of the tip, is engineered to help the electric iron reach around buttons and into crevices.

Steam generation enhances the functionality of an electric iron. Many electric irons include a built-in water tank. When the user presses a steam button on the electric iron, water is released onto the hot soleplate, instantly vaporizing into steam that penetrates the fabric. This moisture helps relax the fibers more effectively than dry heat alone. Some electric irons also offer a burst-of-steam function or a vertical steam feature, allowing the electric iron to be used to steam hanging garments or curtains, adding to its versatility in garment care.